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A large European beekeeper group held its yearly meeting this week in France.
本周，一個大型歐洲養蜂人組織在法國舉行了年度會議。
The group said it is concerned about the effects of climate change, parasites and pesticides on both bees and the world food supply.
該組織表示，其擔心氣候變化、寄生蟲和殺蟲劑對蜜蜂和世界糧食供應所產生的影響。
The beekeepers said bees are dying in large amounts.
養蜂人表示，蜜蜂正在大量死亡。
They also noted that bees are not producing as much honey as in the past.
他們還指出，蜜蜂生產的蜂蜜沒有過去多。
The beekeepers said Europe only produces about 60 percent of the honey it consumes.
養蜂人表示，歐洲只生產了其消耗的蜂蜜的大約60%。
Production in France, the group said, has fallen by more than 50 percent since the 1990s.
該組織表示，自20世紀90年代以來，法國的蜂蜜產量下降了50%以上。
The beekeeping group said its announcement about the bee situation in Europe gives beekeepers and scientists a chance to react to climate concerns.
該養蜂組織表示，其關于歐洲蜜蜂狀況的聲明給養蜂人和科學家提供了一個對氣候問題做出反應的機會。
The spokesperson for the National Union of French Beekeepers is Henri Clement.
法國養蜂人全國聯盟的發言人是亨利·克萊門特。
He is a beekeeper from southeastern France.
他是來自法國東南部的養蜂人。
He said he has been working as a beekeeper and trying to keep bees healthy for 30 years.
他說，30年來，他一直是一名養蜂人，一直在努力讓蜜蜂保持健康。
However, if he had to consider a career for himself today, he said, he might not want to raise bees.
然而，他說，如果現在他必須考慮自己的職業生涯，他可能不想養蜜蜂了。
He is close to retirement and wonders if young people will take up the work.
他快要退休了，他想知道年輕人是否會從事這項工作。
The people at the event were all talking about chemicals known as pesticides, which hurt bees.
參加活動的人都在談論一種叫做殺蟲劑的化學物質，這種化學物質會傷害蜜蜂。
They also discussed climate change and invasive insects and parasites that kill bees and harm beehives.
他們還討論了氣候變化以及導致蜜蜂死亡和危害蜂箱的入侵昆蟲和寄生蟲。
Jeff Pettis is an insect expert based in the United States.
杰夫·佩蒂斯是美國的昆蟲專家。
He is also president of Apimondia, a group that represents beekeepers in 110 countries.
他也是Apimondia的主席，Apimondia是一個代表110個國家養蜂人的組織。
He said bees are at risk because of climate change.
他說，由于氣候變化，蜜蜂正處于危險之中。
When some parts of the world are hotter and drier than in the past, the plants that bees depend on cannot grow.
當世界上的一些地區比過去更熱更干燥時，蜜蜂所依賴的植物就無法生長。
Sometimes, he said, “there are no flowers.”
有時，他說，“沒有花?！?/p>
Without flowers, bees cannot collect pollen, which means they can die of hunger.
沒有花，蜜蜂就無法采集花粉，這意味著它們可能會餓死。
Pettis also said wildfires hurt bees.
佩蒂斯還說，野火傷害了蜜蜂。
He called the fires “a big issue.”
他稱火災是“一個大問題”。
Pettis wrote a report in the past about the plant called goldenrod, which produces a large amount of pollen.
佩蒂斯過去曾寫過一篇有關麒麟草的報告，這種植物能產生大量的花粉。
He wrote that, as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere grows, the amount of protein in pollen decreases.
他寫道，隨著大氣中二氧化碳含量的增加，花粉中的蛋白質含量會減少。
Many of the bees in North America depend on goldenrod pollen to get through winter.
北美的許多蜜蜂依靠麒麟草的花粉過冬。
He said the pollen problem could affect other plants, too.
他說，花粉問題可能也會影響到其他植物。
In both France and the United States, between 30 and 40 percent of beehives are dying each winter.
在法國和美國，每年冬天30%到40%的蜂箱里的蜜蜂死亡。
French researcher Jean-Marc Bonmatin said some pesticides hurt bees more than others.
法國研究人員Jean-Marc Bonmatin說，一些殺蟲劑對蜜蜂的傷害比其他殺蟲劑更大。
A kind of pesticide called a neonicotinoid is absorbed, or taken in, by the entire plant.
一種叫做新煙堿的殺蟲劑會被整株植物吸收。
Other pesticides only affect the part of the plant upon which they are applied.
其他殺蟲劑只作用于被施藥的那部分植物。
The neonicotinoids can affect the pollen and nectar that is taken in by the bees.
新煙堿類殺蟲劑會影響蜜蜂吸收的花粉和花蜜。
The pesticides then poison the bees.
之后殺蟲劑會毒死蜜蜂。
Beginning in 2013, the European Union restricted the use of some of these pesticides.
從2013年開始，歐盟限制了一些殺蟲劑的使用。
The EU banned them fully in 2018.
歐盟在2018年全面禁止使用這些殺蟲劑。
However, some countries are permitting farmers to use them again under “emergency authorizations.”
然而，一些國家在“緊急授權”下允許農民再次使用它們。
Bonmatin said there is one thing that might help farmers make better choices.
Bonmatin說，有一件事可以幫助農民做出更好的選擇。
A newly developed computer program will permit them to find out if the pesticide they want to use is harmful to bees.
一種新開發的計算機程序能讓他們查明他們想使用的殺蟲劑是否對蜜蜂有害。
The farmers will not have to pay for the computer program.
農民不必為該計算機程序付費。
Pettis noted that there are ways people can help bees.
佩蒂斯指出，人們可以通過很多方法幫助蜜蜂。
He said farmers should start planting a wide range of crops, and not depend as much on crops that need pesticides.
他說，農民應該開始種植多種農作物，而不是過度依賴需要殺蟲劑的作物。
He called that kind of farming “sustainable” and “organic.”
他稱這種耕作方式是“可持續的”和“有機的”。
In addition, he said, bees can sometimes survive on their own without special help from humans.
此外，他說，蜜蜂有時可以在沒有人類特殊幫助的情況下獨立生存。
He talked about a black bee found in the northwestern part of France.
他談到了在法國西北部發現的一種黑蜂。
The bee is still living even though it has been attacked by parasites and not given extra food by humans.
盡管這種蜜蜂受到了寄生蟲的攻擊，也沒有得到人類提供的額外食物，但它仍然活著。
He said the bees “survive pretty well even without us.”
他說，這種蜜蜂“即使沒有我們，也能活得很好?！?/p>
I’m Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德爾為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
